fitness articles

INJURIES

CAUSES & SYMPTOMS

TREATMENT

STRAIN

(a) Pulled (first degree strain)

(b). Partial muscle tear (Second degree strain)

c) Complete tear or rupture (Third degree strain)

Ruptures of the muscle cell

Partial tear of muscles

Complete tear or rupture (Due to severe resistance and contraction of the antagonist muscles) Local and general. over fatigue insufficient limbering-up before the start.

1) Symptoms will be swelling and severe pain.
2) Active and passive movements are very painful.
 If the injury is at the calf muscle, sometimes the victim hears a crack, irregularity appears on the skin.

1) Application of  ice to the skin over the painful area as first aid measure has only a brief analgesic action.
 Massage is contraindicated as it further damages the injured muscle fibers and produces further hemorrhage.

2) Rest.

3) Compression bandaging with adhesive bandage

4) Continue treatment by taking drugs etc.
 Physiotherapy remedial exercises bandaging by qualified Sports Medicine Doctors.

TENDON STRAINS

1) Disorder consists of irritating lesions of the tendon attachments, the zone which are the signs of greatest stress and have the poorest blood supply causes may un-healed major trauma, chronic over strain repeated micro traumata, poor training conditions, due to irregular training, hard ground, unsatisfactory footwear and bad health.

Symptoms are pain on exertion, felt at the tendon sustained during muscular activity but eventually evolving into rest and pain at night. Limitation of movement of the affected muscles on muscle groups. The lesion are most commonly seen among aerobic dancers or participants.

In case of tendon strains in any places or in joint, taking physiotherapy treatment with experts is very useful and important, handling with the injured parts as an instructor is not at all advisable. Plaster splint for seven days followed by further infiltration. This may lead to rapid disappearance of the pain.
  Other measures may be ultrasound, short waves and microwaves gives good results.
 Lay off for 14-21 days all these above mentioned must be tried only on the advice on experts of Sports Medicine.

TENDON STRAINS AT THE KNEE

Upper pole of the patella, Rectus Femoris pain at the upper part of the patella, painful extension, worse on exertion

TIBIAL TUBEROSITY

Ligamentum patella cause of injury may be due to twist with the feet fixed, rapid forcible squat or due to sharp hyperextensions.
 Symptoms are pain at the front of the knee, the tip of the patella and the upper third of the tibia in extension, worse on exertion.

Physiotherapy by the physician, then remedial exercises  

CALCAREOUS PAINFUL ACHILLES TENDON

 Causes are over strain, micro trauma, poor foot posture, hard surface. Partial tear of tendon on exertion, sometimes even feel pain while walking, due to over use with poor muscles tone and flexibility, poor foot mechanics.

METATARSALGIS

Due to frequent and excess loading forces and hard surface.

Symptoms include acute pain while rest and while exertion. If individual has a high arched foot also may get.

Physiotherapy and using well padded shoes and additional padding under the front part of the metatarsals activity must be reduced

STRESS FRACTURES OR OVERUSE SYNDROME

Rest and reduced exercises till the pain disappears. Substitute swimming and cycling should be allowed. Return to activity with a sole placed in the shoe with a less impact force workout.

BACK PAIN

Poor mechanics use, week abdominal muscles, tight hamstrings.

Exercise to strengthen the spinal muscles and abdominal muscles may be very much helpful. Avoid high impact workout. Too much jumping exercises and twisting exercises must be avoided