Astringent to shrink body tissues; high in calcium and tannin; excellent for varicose veins and hemorrhoids; when using externally, boil or steam bark or leaves; good for diarrhea, hemorrhage, and intestinal bleeding; cleans inflamed skin and mucous membranes; expels pinworms; cleans gastrointestinal tract; stops bleeding in stomach, lungs, liver, and bowels; use as douche or enema for soothing inflamed tissues; aids in healing stomach and intestines and to rid of gallstones; brings down fevers