Uzbekistan Women Health Information
Reported, January 10, 2012
In Uzbekistan the lifetime average number of children per women is 3 compared with 2 in the UK.
64.9% of women of reproductive age report using (or a partner using) a contraceptive method compared with 82% in the UK.
54% of women aged 5069 years have undergone a breast examination or mammography compared to 75% in the UK and 62% of women aged 2069 years have undergone cervical cancer screening compared to 70% in the UK.
Anaemia
There is a high risk of anaemia in people from this country (estimated prevalence in non-pregnant women >40%). Be alert to this possibility in recently arrived migrants, particularly for women and pre-school children, and test as clinically indicated.
Vitamin D deficiency
Sunlight is the major source of vitamin D and dark skinned individuals or those who for cultural or religious reasons cover their whole bodies when outdoors are at risk of deficiency, as are those whose diets (vegetarian/vegan) do not contain an adequate vitamin D supply.
Vitamin A deficiency
There is a high risk of vitamin A deficiency in this country.
Iodine deficiency
People from this country may be at risk of moderate iodine deficiency due to inadequate intake.
TB
There is a high incidence of TB in this country (40 499 cases/100,000).
There is a high burden of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) TB in this country.
Offer chest X ray to all unless;
under 11 years of age
possibility of pregnancy
recent chest X ray
Offer Mantoux test if;
under 11 years of age
possibility of pregnancy
normal chest X ray but less than 36 years of age
Offer gamma interferon blood test if;
Mantoux test >6mm (no prior BCG)
Mantoux test >15mm (prior BCG)
Refer to TB services promptly if screening is positive.
Local TB services should seek advice from the MDR-TB Clinical Advice Service before treating patients from this country for TB.
Maintain long term vigilance for symptoms of TB even if initial screening is negative.
TB is a notifiable disease.
HIV and sexually transmitted infections
This country has a low rate of HIV.
Test all sexually active patients under the age of 25 for chlamydia.
Take a sexual history and screen for STIs and HIV according to risk as specified in the UK national standards for the management of STIs (BASHH guidelines) and HIV (BHIVA guidelines).
In a high prevalence PCT (=2/1000) all newly registering patients should be offered an HIV test regardless of country of origin (BHIVA guidelines).
In a low prevalence PCT (less than 2/1000) patients in the following groups should be offered an HIV test:
pregnant women
patients presenting with an indicator disease or another STI (see page 7 of BHIVA guidelines for list)
men disclosing sexual contact with other men
patients reporting a history of injecting drug use
patients reporting sexual contact with someone at increased risk of HIV infection
Hepatitis B
This country has a high prevalence of hepatitis B.
Consider screening for hepatitis B, particularly among those who have recently arrived.
Babies born to mothers who are hepatitis B positive should be appropriately immunised and followed-up accordingly.
The UK has a selective immunisation programme for hepatitis B; please see the Immunisation against Infectious Disease (Green Book) for further guidance.
Hepatitis C
This country has a considerably higher prevalence of hepatitis C than the UK.
Consider screening for hepatitis C.
Malaria
There is a very low risk of malaria in some areas of this country predominantly due to P. vivax.
Any unwell patient with a history of arrival from or a visit to affected areas of this country in the last year must be tested for malaria.
Enteric fever
There is a risk of typhoid infection in this country.
Ensure that travellers to this country are offered typhoid immunisation and advice on prevention of enteric fevers.