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In Poland the lifetime average number of children per women is 1 compared with 2 in the UK
– Reported, February 04, 2012
4% of women aged 50-69 years have undergone a breast examination or mammography compared to 75% in the UK and 10% of women aged 20-69 years have undergone cervical cancer screening compared to 70% in the UK.
Anaemia
There is a low risk of anaemia in people from this country (estimated prevalence 5-20%). Be alert to this possibility in recently arrived migrants, particularly for women and pre-school children, and test as clinically indicated.
Vitamin D deficiency
Sunlight is the major source of vitamin D and dark skinned individuals or those who for cultural or religious reasons cover their whole bodies when outdoors are at risk of deficiency, as are those whose diets (vegetarian/vegan) do not contain an adequate vitamin D supply.
Vitamin A deficiency
There may be a risk of vitamin A deficiency in this country.
Iodine deficiency
People from this country may be at risk of mild iodine deficiency due to inadequate intake.
TB
There is a low incidence of TB in this country (less than 40 cases/100,000).
Routine screening is not required but testing should be considered in patients who show signs and symptoms of TB.
TB is a notifiable disease.
HIV and sexually transmitted infections
This country has a low rate of HIV.
Test all sexually active patients under the age of 25 for chlamydia.
Take a sexual history and screen for STIs and HIV according to risk as specified in the UK national standards for the management of STIs and HIV.
In a high prevalence PCT (=2/1000) all newly registering patients should be offered an HIV test regardless of country of origin (BHIVA guidelines).
In a low prevalence PCT (less than 2/1000) patients in the following groups should be offered an HIV test:
pregnant women
patients presenting with an indicator disease or another STI (see page 7 of BHIVA guidelines for list)
men disclosing sexual contact with other men
patients reporting a history of injecting drug use
patients reporting sexual contact with someone at increased risk of HIV infection
Hepatitis B
This country has an intermediate prevalence of hepatitis B.
Consider screening for hepatitis B, particularly among those who have recently arrived.
All pregnant women should be offered screening for hepatitis B infection during each pregnancy.
Babies born to mothers who are hepatitis B positive should be appropriately immunised and followed-up accordingly.
Hepatitis C
This country has a higher prevalence of hepatitis C
Enteric fever
There is a risk of typhoid infection in this country.
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