A
futuristic 'plasma jet' that eradicates tooth decay without fillings could be
replacing the hated dentist's drill in as little as three years, it was claimed
today.
The space-age device fires a beam of electrically-charged oxygen atoms into
tooth cavities to obliterate decay-causing bacteria.
Traditionally, the same job is done by drilling holes into the tooth that has to
be filled.
Unlike the dentist's drill, the plasma jet is non-invasive and pain-free.
Fear of fillings is a genuine phobia for some people, causing them to avoid
visits to the dentist.
A new study has shown that firing low-temperature plasma beams at dentine – the
fibrous tooth structure below the enamel – can reduce bacteria levels by up to
10,000 times.
Researchers in Germany tested the effectiveness of the plasma jet against common
dental bugs including Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei.
Both form films on the surface of teeth and are responsible for the erosion of
tooth enamel and dentine that causes cavities.
The scientists infected dentine from extracted human molars with four strains of
bacteria and exposed it to plasma for between six and 18 seconds.
The longer the treatment continued, the greater the amount of bacteria that was
eliminated.
Plasmas are produced when atoms in a gas are stripped of one or more of their
electrons, leaving them positively charged.
Normally plasmas are formed at very high temperatures, but those tested by the
German scientists were 'cold' plasmas no hotter than around 40C.
Lead researcher Dr Stefan Rupf, from Saarland University in Homburg, said: 'The
low temperature means they can kill the microbes while preserving the tooth. The
dental pulp at the centre of the tooth, underneath the dentine, is linked to the
blood supply and nerves and heat damage to it must be avoided at all costs.'
He added: 'Drilling is a very uncomfortable and sometimes painful experience.
Cold plasma, in contrast, is a completely contact-free method that is highly
effective.
'Presently, there is huge progress being made in the field of plasma medicine
and a clinical treatment for dental cavities can be expected within three to
five years.'
Source : Impact Lab
