Ethnicity Impacts Risk for Gestational Diabetes
Reported December 15, 2009
(Ivanhoe Newswire) — Korean-American and Chinese-American women’s risk of diabetes during pregnancy is one-third higher than average — and more than double that of Caucasian and African-American women. More than 10 percent of women of Chinese and Korean heritage may be at risk for developing gestational diabetes.
The Kaiser Permanente study found that Pacific Islanders, Filipinos, Puerto Ricans, and Samoans are also at higher-than-average risk — while Caucasian, Native-American and African-American women have a lower-than-average risk.
Untreated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can lead to serious pregnancy and birthing complications, including early delivery and C-sections. It can also increase the child’s risk of developing obesity later in life.
Researchers chose Hawaii for the study because it has one of the most ethnically diverse populations in the world. They divided Asians into five ethnic sub-groups. Korean and Chinese women showed the greatest risk of developing GDM. Filipinos are next, but Japanese and Vietnamese women have the same risk as the rest of the population. Women classified as Native Hawaiians are at average risk. Caucasian, Native-American, and African-American women have the lowest risk for developing GDM.
“This study has important implications for diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes,” lead author Kathryn Pedula, MS, a researcher at the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, was quoted as saying. “All pregnant women and their caregivers need to be educated about gestational diabetes, but it is especially important for women in these ethnic groups at higher risk.”
“Many previous studies have lumped all Asians and Pacific Islanders together — we now know that the risk for developing GDM varies greatly depending on your specific ethnic background,” study co-author Teresa Hillier, MD, MS, endocrinologist and senior investigator at the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, was quoted as saying. “Future studies should also look at whether women in these higher risk groups also have more complications.”
This study involved 16,757 women aged 13-39 who gave birth in the Kaiser Permanente Health Plan in Hawaii between 1995 and 2003. Some women had more than one child during that time, bringing the total number of pregnancies to 22,110. Researchers obtained ethnic classification from the mothers’ birth certificates on file with the Hawaii Department of Health.
More than 20 percent of women in the study had elevated glucose levels, and 6.7 percent of women met the Carpenter and Coustan threshold for gestational diabetes.
Winston F. Wong, MD, MS, medical director of Kaiser Permanente’s Community Benefit Disparities Improvement and Quality Initiatives, was quoted as saying, “While we cannot eliminate the increased risk of prenatal diabetes among our Korean and Chinese patients, we use this kind of research to alert and empower our health care professionals and physicians to reduce disparities and achieve the best possible outcomes for our patients and their children.”
SOURCE: Ethnicity and Disease, December 2009
