A ‘great little motivator’ for weight loss
Reported November 21, 2007
While loosening your belt after Thanksgiving dinner, you may want to clip a pedometer to it. The reason: Just wearing a step counter leads to weight loss and lower blood pressure, according to research released Tuesday.
The researchers found that a pedometer is an unusually good motivator to get people to walk more.
People who used a pedometer for 18 weeks walked an average of seven additional miles weekly and shaved 0.4 points from their body mass indexes, a measure of weight that considers both pounds and height. That decrease is the equivalent of 2.5 pounds for a 5-foot-6 person with an initial weight of 195 pounds, according to the report in the Journal of the American Medical Assn.
The device “is a great little motivator,” said Stanford University internist and lead author Dr. Dena M. Bravata. “I never anticipated such a small intervention could have such a big effect.”
Two-thirds of U.S. adults are overweight or obese, and more than half of all adults do not get the 30 minutes of daily exercise recommended by the Department of Health and Human Services, the report said.
A pedometer, which can cost less than $10, is an inexpensive tool to get people walking, researchers said. If 10% of U.S. adults began a regular walking program, $5.6 billion in annual heart disease costs could be saved, according to the report, which was funded by a grant from the National Institute on Aging.
Bravata and colleagues from Stanford and the University of Minnesota analyzed results of 26 studies of pedometer use, with a total of 2,767 participants. Most were female, overweight and relatively inactive before they started their walking programs. The average duration of the studies was 18 weeks.
The walking programs varied considerably. Nearly all programs included a step goal and diary in which participants recorded their daily activity. Many of the programs included physical activity counseling, and five of them were centered in the workplace.
Researchers found that participants who wore pedometers increased their activity by 27%, or by more than 2,000 steps daily, the equivalent of one mile.
Systolic blood pressure fell an average of 3.8 millimeters of mercury, a sizable improvement because the blood pressure of participants in general was not that high, Bravata said. A reduction of 2 millimeters is associated with a 10% reduction in the risk of death from stroke and a 7% drop in the chance of cardiovascular death, the study said.
Researchers found that participants who were given step goals or kept diaries increased their activity the most. Although most participants did not meet their goals, just having one to shoot for was a “potent motivator,” Bravata said.
Workplace programs were associated with smaller increases in activity, probably because people attracted to the programs were already fairly active, researchers said.
Dr. Allan Abbott, a professor at the Keck School of Medicine of USC who was not connected to the study, said that the report changed his mind about pedometers and that he planned to add them to his patients’ walking programs.
“This clearly shows the benefit of using pedometers as a motivator of physical activity,” said Abbott, who focuses on fitness and physical activity.
Kelly Brownell, director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity at Yale University, said that although the amount of weight lost in the study was small, the cost of a pedometer was also small.
“The real issue is whether people out there on their own — not part of a program where there is an expectation that they will use a pedometer — will use the device long enough to achieve lasting benefit,” he said.
